Homeland Security Research Products in the Science Inventory
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- Organization = [ORD-NHSRC]
- Keyword = biological AND decontamination.
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2023
Analysis for Coastal Operational Resiliency (AnCOR) Wide Area Demonstration (WAD)
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 01, 2023]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 01, 2023]
Report on the Wide Area Demonstration (WAD) under the Analysis for Coastal Operational Resiliency (AnCOR) project. The AnCOR WAD was conducted from May 2 through May 27, 2022. The test venue was located at Fort A.P. Hill (FAPH), Bowling Green, VA. All work will was conducted at F...
Decontamination of Vegetation to Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Dec 07, 2023]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Dec 07, 2023]
The Analysis for Coastal Operational Resiliency (AnCOR) program is an interagency collaboration between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The overall purpose of this multiagency pro...
2021
Functional resilience of activated sludge exposed to Bacillus globigii and bacteriophage MS2
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 17, 2021]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 17, 2021]
This study evaluated the effect of two biocontaminant surrogates on the activity and performance of activated sludge. In the presence of bacteriophage MS2 at 3.2 × 108 PFU/ml, the peak respiration rates varied between 9.1 and 10.5 mg O2/gVSS/hr, generally similar to the rates obs...
2020
Physiological responses to a single low-dose of Bacillus anthracis spores in the rabbit model of inhalational anthrax
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jun 11, 2020]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jun 11, 2020]
Journal Article--Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of inhalation anthrax, is one of the most highly studied biological threat agents, yet consensus is still lacking on an appropriate dose-response relationship to describe human health effects from low doses and multiple exp...
2019
2018 EPA International Decontamination Research and Development Conference
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 28, 2019]
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 28, 2019]
On May 8-10, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Office of Research and Development’s National Homeland Security Research Center (ORD/NHSRC) hosted the 10th U.S. EPA International Decontamination Research and Development Conference at the EPA facilities in Re...
A Bench-Scale Procedure for Evaluating Chlorine Bleach Inactivation of Bacillus Spores in Wash Water from a Cleanup of a Site with Biothreat Agents
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 02, 2019]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 02, 2019]
This report describes a streamlined bench scale procedure which has been developed for testing the efficacy of chlorine bleach for the inactivation of Bacillus spores in wash water originating from a cleanup of a site contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores.
ANALYSIS FOR COASTAL OPERATIONAL RESILIENCY ANCOR
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 25, 2019]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 25, 2019]
This presentation will address capability gaps related to sampling, fate & transport, decontamination, data management, and waste management. Local and state responders can benefit from this research with new information and tools to ensure community resilience to a wide area bi...
Chlorine Exposure During a Biological Decontamination Study in a Mock Subway Tunnel
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 12, 2019]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 12, 2019]
The Underground Transport Restoration (UTR) Operational Technology Demonstration (OTD) was a full-scale study focused on remediation of a subway system after contamination with a Bacillus anthracis (Ba) surrogate (Bacillus atrophaeus, subspecies globigii [Bg]). The study involved...
Decontamination of Bacillus Spores from Drinking Water Infrastructure with Physical Removal (Pigging) and Assessment of Pipe Relining Technologies
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 16, 2019]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 16, 2019]
The objectives of this project were to evaluate the effectiveness of: (1) a physical scouring (pigging) technology for removing Bacillus globigii spores following intentional contamination of the Water Security Test Bed (WSTB). First responders and decision makers managing a wate...
Decontamination through a One Health Lens
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 15, 2019]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 15, 2019]
In an increasingly connected world, integrating a One Health approach is needed to better assess risks posed by biothreat agents and for developing effective, environmentally-sustainable response strategies. One Health recognizes the interaction and interconnectedness of human, a...
Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Bacillus Anthracis Spores: Compatibility with Real-World Samples Collected from Outdoor and Subway Surfaces
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 20, 2019]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 20, 2019]
This effort sought to assess the impact of potential real-world interferents (RWIs) present in Sponge-Stick and Vacuum Cassettes (VCF) samples on current culture and molecular analysis methods. Having an assessment of the impact, if any, will help EPA understand limitations of th...
Feasibility Study for Reuse of Activated Carbon for the Capture of Methyl Bromide Used for Decontamination
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 20, 2019]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 20, 2019]
In the present study, we quantified how well an activated carbon (AC) sample maintained its adsorption capacity for Methyl bromide (MeBr) over several adsorption/desorption cycles, using three different gas conditions. During the adsorption phase, the AC was exposed to a feed gas...
Full-Scale Decontamination of Bacillus Spores from Drinking Water Infrastructure
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 22, 2019]
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 22, 2019]
The drinking water distribution system is vulnerable to contamination, which presents challenges to maintaining good water quality and ensuring water availability. Decontamination of drinking water systems, following an intentional contamination incident or a natural disaster, is...
Impact of Sporicidal Fumigation with Methyl Bromide or Methyl Iodide on Electronic Equipment
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 01, 2019]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 01, 2019]
The effect of sporicidal fumigation with methyl bromide or methyl iodide on the functionality of electronic equipment was evaluated using desktop computers as surrogates for valuable electronic equipment under target conditions of 200–250 mg/L fumigant for 48 hours at 24–30 °C an...
National Biodefense Strategy Calls for a Robust Decontamination Capability
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 21, 2019]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 21, 2019]
Develop readily available and scalable technologies and software tools to support water and wastewater infrastructure decontamination and the treatment of contaminated water.
Develop and verify plans for all phases of environmental cleanup for facilities, equipment, and the env...
Quantifying hydraulic and water quality uncertainty to inform sampling of drinking water distribution systems
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2019]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2019]
Sampling of drinking water distribution systems is performed to satisfy regulatory requirements but also to respond to customer complaints or emergency situations. Water distribution system modeling techniques can be used to plan and inform sampling strategies; however, a high de...
Research Results to Enhance Management of Bacillus anthracis Contaminated Wash Water
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 29, 2019]
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 29, 2019]
This technical brief summarizes research conducted in EPA's Homeland Security Research Program to support development of technologies and
practices for managing and treating decontamination wash water resulting from a Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) contamination incident. This bri...
Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 22, 2019]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 22, 2019]
Although the military has been developing decontamination methods for their purposes for decades, research conducted or funded by nondefense government agencies with a focus on the decontamination of civilian facilities had been minimal prior to 2001. That changed following the i...
SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF NATIVE AIR FILTERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION AND EXTENT MAPPING OF BIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 30, 2019]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 30, 2019]
Following a biological contamination incident, the spatial extent of the contamination should be determined using established sampling and analytical methods such as culture or RV-PCR. A previous study demonstrated that a sampling strategy involving native air samplers could be i...
The Use of Hollow Fiber Dialysis Filters Operated in Axial Flow Mode for Recovery of Microorganisms in Large Volume Water Samples with High Loadings of Particulate Matter
(JOURNAL) [Published : Apr 05, 2019]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Apr 05, 2019]
The objective of this study was to evaluate axial flow hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) in the recovery of target organisms in large volumes of turbid water that would be similar to water encountered in the cleanup of a biologically contaminated area such as the B. anthracis c...
2018
Alternative Fast Analysis Method for Cellulose Sponge Surface Sampling Wipes with Low Concentrations of Bacillus Spores
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 16, 2018]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 16, 2018]
Environmental sampling is a critical component of the post decontamination verification process following a bioterrorism event. This journal article describes work performed to produce a less labor-intensive method for processing cellulose sponge-wipes used for sampling areas pot...
Bleach-Based Biodecontamination of Subway Materials
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Oct 02, 2018]
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Oct 02, 2018]
This report discusses results from a bench scale study that investigated the impact of dirt and grime on pH amended bleach and diluted bleach decontamination efficacy as commonly encountered on relevant subway rolling stock and subway infrastructure surface materials, including t...
Colony Forming Unit versus Enrichment-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Sensitive Detection of Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii Spores
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : May 10, 2018]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : May 10, 2018]
Slide Presentation -Presentation demonstrating an enrichment-PCR assay that is capable of consistent detection of ~4.5 spores in 9 grams of soil and further show a positive effect in recovering spores from soil samples containing clay.